, as some studies conducted an exploratory factor analysis to determine the factor structure in each sample. Although these factor structures have been replicated on numerous occasions in general population and clinical population samples, the two two-factor solutions of the BDI-II have not consistently included the same items proposed by Beck et al. found two distinct two-factor solutions: one solution was determined using a sample of psychiatric hospital patients (somatic-affective and cognitive) and the second using a sample of university students (cognitive-affective and somatic). In the initial investigation of the structure of the BDI-II, Beck et al. However, accumulated empirical findings in this line of research have provided evidence of inconsistencies in the factor structure of the BDI-II. For more than 20 years, the BDI-II has demonstrated excellent psychometric properties in diverse samples across the globe. The Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition (BDI-II ) is the most widely used instrument for measuring the frequency and intensity of depressive symptoms. The considerable negative psychological consequences associated with depression in FCCCD indicate the need for a psychometrically sound instrument to measure depression in this population. Additionally, previous findings demonstrate that depression is negatively associated with quality of life and psychological well-being in FCCCD. In the case of FCCCD specifically, depression is significantly associated with psychopathology, such as anxiety, caregiver burden, or stress. Further, depression can cause significant impairment in several life domains, such as in social or occupational settings. Depression is a psychological disorder characterized by the presence of sadness, loss of interest and pleasure, feelings of guilt, problems with sleep, fatigue, lack of appetite, and difficulty concentrating. All authors have given final approval of the version to be published.Ī family caregiver is defined as a person who has a significant emotional bond with the patient, it can be a family member who forms part of the patient's family life cycle, who offers emotional-expressive, instrumental and tangible support, and who provides assistance and comprehensive care during the chronic illness, acute illness or a disability of a child, adult or elderly person.ĭepression is one of the most significant psychological consequences experienced by family caregivers of children with chronic diseases. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Ĭompeting interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. The present research was funded by federal funds for health research and approved by the Commissions of Research, Ethics and Biosafety, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez Instituto Nacional de Salud. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.ĭata Availability: All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.įunding: This article is part of the results of the Research Project HIM/2015/017/SSA.1207 to FTT, Effects of mindfulness training on psychological distress and quality of life of the family caregiver. Received: MaAccepted: OctoPublished: November 28, 2018Ĭopyright: © 2018 Toledano-Toledano, Contreras-Valdez. PLoS ONE 13(11):Įditor: Soraya Seedat, Stellenbosch University, SOUTH AFRICA Citation: Toledano-Toledano F, Contreras-Valdez JA (2018) Validity and reliability of the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) in family caregivers of children with chronic diseases.
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